More Complex Example -- PDF
Much more than text
A file format, a wrapper, a bundling format, all in one
Complexity of relationships
has version
1.3  (July 2000, 696 pages)
has version
1.4  (December 2001, 978 pages)
has version
1.5  (August 2003, 1172 pages)
may contain
TIFF, JPEG, JPEG2000, etc., etc., etc. (all at once)
has subtype
Tagged PDF (can represent logical document structure)
has subtype
Accessible PDF (tagged + further constraints)
has subtype
PDF/X (ISO standard, for pre-press use, e.g., submission
of graphics to magazine publishers)
has subtype
PDF/A (Under development as ISO standard, for
archiving)