•Many individual metadata schemes for specific
sectors, applications,
etc.; vary from simple to complex data models
•Ontology-based activities:
–1995+
: Common Information System “CIS” (CISAC) – rights, music
–1998:
Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records, “FRBR” (IFLA) – library cataloguing
–1998-2000:
Interoperability of Data in E-Commerce Systems, “indecs” (multiple partners) – generic intellectual
property
•For “e-commerce” read “automation”
•Influenced by CIS and FRBR
–2000:
ABC/Harmony – generic
events-aware model
–Should
enable re-use of existing metadata
•Extensibility through using a common
reference frame