1	Automatic Exposure: Capturing Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images Robin L. Dale RLG
2	Overview NISO Z39.87-2002 Relation to Automatic Exposure Status and revisions Automatic Exposure Brief introduction Investigations Leveraging available technologies Evaluation Next steps, new tools
3	NISO Z39.87 Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images NISO Z39.87-2002 (AIIM 20-2002) [Draft Standard for Trial Use] In XML – MIX (NISO Metadata for Images in XML Schema) “First line of defense” against obsolescence
4	NISO Z39.87 (2 of 2) Sections Basic image parameters record information crucial to displaying a viewable image Image creation metadata records information crucial to understanding the technical environment in which a digital image file was captured Imaging performance assessment metadata records information that allows evaluation of the digital image’s quality, or output accuracy Change history metadata records information about the processes applied to an image over its life cycle NISO Z39.87 [revisions as of 22 October 2004] 129 data elements 42 Mandatory / Mandatory if Applicable
5	NISO Z39.87 Revisions Original draft: TIFF-centric Now: more applicable to all still image formats, including JPEG2000 Original draft: closed data value lists Now: future-proofing through open lists Original draft: only data dictionary, no data format Now: XML aware [XML Schema as Appendix (NOT part of standard)] Allows for embedded profiles, color maps, etc. Corrects some minor errors
6	Automatic Exposure – An RLG initiative Overarching goal: Economic implementation of NISO Z39.87 Minimize the cost of technical metadata acquisition Maximize the ability to ensure long-term access to digital images Initiative supported by Digital Library Federation (DLF) Museum Computer Network (MCN) For documents & updates http://www.rlg.org/en/page.php?Page_ID=2681
7	Automatic Exposure investigations What do we want? Capture mechanism: a host for the metadata Editing mechanism: a place to add metadata Export mechanism: a way to transfer metadata from the file to a preservation database Leveraging existing specifications Available Metadata What technical metadata do we currently have access to? Mapping Z39.87 to TIFF, EXIF, JPEG 2000 (JPX) Extraction Tools How can technical metadata be extracted for transfer into preservation databases? Expanding to NISO Z39.87 What mechanisms can we identify which could give us access to the extractable NISO Z39.87 elements?
8	Leveraging Existing Specifications – Available Metadata TIFF (the present) Option 1: Technical metadata in fileheader tags Option 2: EXIF 2.2 Extension of TIFF fileheader tags (JPEG/TIFF files) JPEG 2000 (the future) Metadata based on DIG35
9	Quantitative Mapping, Complete
10	Quantitative Mapping, M/MA
11	Leveraging Existing Technologies – Metadata Extraction Tools Community based JHOVE The JSTOR-Harvard Object Validation Environment National Library of New Zealand “Metadata Extract Tool” Industry based Eastman Kodak Picture Metadata Toolkit Adobe Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)
12	Example 1: JHOVE
13	Example 2: National Library of New Zealand
14	Extracted NLNZ XML record
15	Example 3: Adobe XMP Open-Source specification for sharing metadata across applications Extracts existing metadata (TIFF, EXIF, DIG35) Embeds metadata as an XMP packet (XML) Access for viewing / editing metadata Adobe Photoshop File Info Option to customize metadata set Adding fields through a custom panel Export metadata Individual file: “Save” on File Info – Advanced Screen Batch: Script and Droplet Creates XML file
16	Example 3: Adobe XMP – Photoshop File Info
17	XMP: Script and Droplet
18	Automatic Exposure – Evaluation (1 of 2) On Z39.87: Glass half full / half empty 45-60% overlap on M/MA Some extraction tools available Theory vs Practice Not all possible fields of a specification used by capture devices Example: Kodak ProBack 645 captures 9 of 38 NISO M/MA elements (23%) But, potential changes by some device manufacturers
19	Automatic Exposure – Evaluation (2 of 2) IT10 Meeting Update TIFF – no hope for aligning header structure with NISO Z39.87 JPEG 2000 – promise of the future additional Technical Metadata in codestream IT10 estimates: 95% overlap with NISO Z39.87 RLG working with Kodak to update mapping JPEG2000 profiles encouraged Raw formats are new possibility
20	Automatic Exposure – Next Steps Leveraging “Scorecard” for Tools Communicate to community options for technical metadata extraction Adobe XMP custom panel JPEG 2000 revised mapping Expanding to NISO Z39.87 Keep communicating with industry Insert ourselves into JPEG 2000 standardization process
21	Thanks! Automatic Exposure homepage Whitepaper, Meeting Minutes, etc. http://www.rlg.org/en/page.php?Page_ID=2681 Questions? Robin.Dale@notes.rlg.org Guenter.Waibel@notes.rlg.org